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        <p>2018-2-3</p>
<h3 id="1-C-的头文件和源文件"><a href="#1-C-的头文件和源文件" class="headerlink" title="1. C++的头文件和源文件"></a><strong>1. C++的头文件和源文件</strong></h3><p><code>.h</code>头文件只需预处理，<code>.cpp</code>才需要编译，一般在头文件里声明一个类及类的的方法，在源文件里实现函数的<strong>定义</strong>与<strong>实现</strong>，这样可以将声明和定义分开，利于构建大规模的程序。<br><code>hello.h</code>文件如下：<br><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="meta-keyword">pragma</span> once       <span class="comment">//预编译一次，防止出现重复包含头文件的情况</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="meta-keyword">include</span> <span class="meta-string">"iostream"</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="meta-keyword">include</span> <span class="meta-string">"string"</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">using</span> <span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="built_in">std</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">Hello</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class">&#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span>:                   <span class="comment">//共有函数及成员定义的关键词</span></span><br><span class="line">	Hello();             <span class="comment">//声明构造函数，构造函数最好不要有默认参数</span></span><br><span class="line">	~Hello();            <span class="comment">//声明析构函数</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="function"><span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">talk</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">int</span> number=<span class="number">0</span>)</span></span>;    <span class="comment">//声明共有成员函数,参数给出默认值  </span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span>:            <span class="comment">//私有函数及成员定义的关键词</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="built_in">string</span> content; <span class="comment">//声明一个字符串变量</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">int</span> num;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p><code>hello.cpp</code>文件如下：<br><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="meta-keyword">include</span> <span class="meta-string">"hello.h"</span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//类的定义与实现</span></span><br><span class="line">Hello::Hello()      <span class="comment">//构造函数定义</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	content = <span class="string">"这是私有成员变量"</span>;      <span class="comment">//在构造函数中为成员变量赋值</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="built_in">cout</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="string">"这是构造函数"</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="built_in">endl</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">Hello::~Hello()       <span class="comment">//析构函数定义</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="built_in">cout</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="string">"这是析构函数"</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="built_in">endl</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">void</span> Hello::talk(<span class="keyword">int</span> number)    <span class="comment">//成员函数定义</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	num = number;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="built_in">cout</span> &lt;&lt;<span class="string">"content:"</span>&lt;&lt; content &lt;&lt; <span class="built_in">endl</span>;  <span class="comment">//头文件中包含了string才能使用该句</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="built_in">cout</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="string">"num:"</span> &lt;&lt; num &lt;&lt; <span class="built_in">endl</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>主函数main.cpp如下：<br><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="meta-keyword">include</span> <span class="meta-string">"iostream"</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="meta-keyword">include</span> <span class="meta-string">"hello.h"</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">using</span> <span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="built_in">std</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	Hello robot;      <span class="comment">//实例化一个对象</span></span><br><span class="line">	robot.talk(<span class="number">233</span>);  <span class="comment">//调用成员函数，默认参数为0</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>运行结果如下：</p>
<p><img src="https://github.com/2033329616/image_hosting/raw/master/小书匠/result.jpg" alt="enter description here" title="运行结果"></p>
<h3 id="2-C-中的L和-T的作用"><a href="#2-C-中的L和-T的作用" class="headerlink" title="2. C++中的L和_T的作用"></a><strong>2. C++中的L和_T的作用</strong></h3><p>在一个字符串前加 <code>L</code>表示将ANSI字符串转换为unicode的字符串，每个字符占两个字节<br><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">strlen</span>(<span class="string">"abc"</span>) = <span class="number">3</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">strlen</span>(<span class="string">L"asd"</span>) = <span class="number">6</span>;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p> _T宏可以把一个引号引起来的字符串，根据你的环境设置，使得编译器会根据编译目标环境选择合适的（Unicode还是ANSI）字符处理方式，如果你定义了UNICODE，那么_T宏会把字符串前面加一个L。这时 _T(“ABCD”) 相当于 L”ABCD” ，这是宽字符串。如果没有定义，那么_T宏不会在字符串前面加那个L，_T(“ABCD”) 就等价于 “ABCD”  </p>
<h3 id="3-C-调用Python函数的方法"><a href="#3-C-调用Python函数的方法" class="headerlink" title="3. C++调用Python函数的方法"></a><strong>3. C++调用Python函数的方法</strong></h3><p> 这里使用vs2015编译程序，首先要设置项目的属性，把python的include目录和libs目录包含到项目中，设置如下：</p>
<p> <img src="https://github.com/2033329616/image_hosting/raw/master/小书匠/c++调用python_3.jpg" alt="enter description here" title="项目的属性设置"></p>
<p> python程序如下：<br> <figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"> <span class="comment"># python</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">convertStrToNum</span><span class="params">(string)</span>:</span></span><br><span class="line">	result = eval(string)</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">return</span> result</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p> 这里的python程序当做模块来对待，文件夹名称为strToNum，文件名strToNum.py，在同一个文件夹下有<strong>init</strong>.py文件(内容可为空)来表示模块。</p>
<p> 在<code>C++</code>程序中调用python函数时注意：python语句写成模块的形式；将python模块的路径添加到系统中，否则c++程序无法找到python模块，最好使用相对路径；</p>
<p> 步骤：<br> 1.<code>Py_Initialize()</code>初始化python;<br> 2.定义PyObject相关指针，</p>
<ul>
<li>载入python模块</li>
<li>加载模块函数</li>
<li>添加参数列表</li>
<li>调用python函数</li>
<li>定义C++数据变量，转换python返回的参数为<code>C++</code>的数据类型，并用该变量接收</li>
</ul>
<p>3.<code>Py_Finalize()</code>释放资源</p>
<p> c++程序如下<br> <figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"> <span class="meta">#<span class="meta-keyword">include</span> <span class="meta-string">"iostream"</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="meta-keyword">include</span> <span class="meta-string">"Python.h"</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="meta-keyword">include</span> <span class="meta-string">"string"</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="meta-keyword">include</span> <span class="meta-string">"cstring"</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">using</span> <span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="built_in">std</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	Py_Initialize();</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">//PyRun_SimpleString("x=eval('2 + 3*2')");    //运行单个python语句</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">//PyRun_SimpleString("print(x)");</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">//PyArg_Parse(x, "i");</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">// 将Python工作路径切换到待调用模块所在目录，一定要保证路径名的正确性</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="built_in">string</span> path = <span class="string">".\\strToNum"</span>;                  <span class="comment">//相对路径，windows下</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="built_in">string</span> chdir_cmd = <span class="built_in">string</span>(<span class="string">"sys.path.append(\""</span>) + path + <span class="string">"\")"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">char</span>* cstr_cmd = chdir_cmd.c_str();</span><br><span class="line">	PyRun_SimpleString(<span class="string">"import sys"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">	PyRun_SimpleString(cstr_cmd);</span><br><span class="line">	PyRun_SimpleString(<span class="string">"import os"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">	PyRun_SimpleString(<span class="string">"print(os.getcwd())"</span>);    <span class="comment">//获取当前路径</span></span><br><span class="line">	PyRun_SimpleString(<span class="string">"print(sys.path)"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">	</span><br><span class="line">	PyObject *pModule = <span class="literal">NULL</span>;       <span class="comment">//接收python模块</span></span><br><span class="line">	PyObject *pFunc = <span class="literal">NULL</span>;         <span class="comment">//接收pyhton函数</span></span><br><span class="line">	PyObject *pResult = <span class="literal">NULL</span>;       <span class="comment">//接收python函数的返回结果</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">double</span> result = <span class="number">0</span>;              <span class="comment">//C++中接收最终计算结果的变量</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	pModule = PyImport_ImportModule(<span class="string">"strToNum"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">if</span> (!pModule) <span class="comment">// 加载模块失败</span></span><br><span class="line">	&#123;</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="built_in">cout</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="string">"[ERROR] Python get module failed."</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="built_in">endl</span>;</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="built_in">cout</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="string">"[INFO] Python get module succeed."</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="built_in">endl</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	pFunc = PyObject_GetAttrString(pModule, <span class="string">"convertStrToNum"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">if</span> (!pFunc || !PyCallable_Check(pFunc))  <span class="comment">// 验证是否加载成功</span></span><br><span class="line">	&#123;</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="built_in">cout</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="string">"[ERROR] Can't find funftion (convertStrToNum)"</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="built_in">endl</span>;</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">	</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="built_in">cout</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="string">"[INFO] Get function (convertStrToNum) succeed."</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="built_in">endl</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	PyObject *pArgs = PyTuple_New(<span class="number">1</span>);         <span class="comment">//新建数组保存传入python函数的参数</span></span><br><span class="line">	PyTuple_SetItem(pArgs, <span class="number">0</span>, Py_BuildValue(<span class="string">"s"</span>, <span class="string">"1 + 2*4.3 -1"</span>));</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">//PyObject *pArgs = Py_BuildValue("23");</span></span><br><span class="line">	pResult = PyEval_CallObject(pFunc, pArgs);  <span class="comment">//调用python函数</span></span><br><span class="line">	PyArg_Parse(pResult, <span class="string">"d"</span>, &amp;result);         <span class="comment">//python函数的返回结果转换为double</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="built_in">cout</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="string">"result:"</span> &lt;&lt; result &lt;&lt; <span class="built_in">endl</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	Py_Finalize();      <span class="comment">//释放资源</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p> 参考的文章：<br> <a href="http://blog.csdn.net/itbuluoge/article/details/13005369" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><code>C++</code>调用python返回值</a><br> <a href="http://blog.csdn.net/nynyvkhhiiii/article/details/17525865" target="_blank" rel="noopener">调用python的类函数</a><br> <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/visualstudio/python/working-with-c-cpp-python-in-visual-studio" target="_blank" rel="noopener">使用与pyhton的<code>C++</code>扩展</a></p>

      
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                    var end = position + 80;
                    if(start < 0){
                      start = 0;
                    }
                    if (end < position + word.length) {
                      end = position + word.length;
                    }
                    if(end > content.length){
                      end = content.length;
                    }
                    slicesOfContent.push(mergeIntoSlice(content, start, end, indexOfContent));
                  }

                  // sort slices in content by search text's count and hits' count

                  slicesOfContent.sort(function (sliceLeft, sliceRight) {
                    if (sliceLeft.searchTextCount !== sliceRight.searchTextCount) {
                      return sliceRight.searchTextCount - sliceLeft.searchTextCount;
                    } else if (sliceLeft.hits.length !== sliceRight.hits.length) {
                      return sliceRight.hits.length - sliceLeft.hits.length;
                    } else {
                      return sliceLeft.start - sliceRight.start;
                    }
                  });

                  // select top N slices in content

                  var upperBound = parseInt('1');
                  if (upperBound >= 0) {
                    slicesOfContent = slicesOfContent.slice(0, upperBound);
                  }

                  // highlight title and content

                  function highlightKeyword(text, slice) {
                    var result = '';
                    var prevEnd = slice.start;
                    slice.hits.forEach(function (hit) {
                      result += text.substring(prevEnd, hit.position);
                      var end = hit.position + hit.length;
                      result += '<b class="search-keyword">' + text.substring(hit.position, end) + '</b>';
                      prevEnd = end;
                    });
                    result += text.substring(prevEnd, slice.end);
                    return result;
                  }

                  var resultItem = '';

                  if (slicesOfTitle.length != 0) {
                    resultItem += "<li><a href='" + articleUrl + "' class='search-result-title'>" + highlightKeyword(title, slicesOfTitle[0]) + "</a>";
                  } else {
                    resultItem += "<li><a href='" + articleUrl + "' class='search-result-title'>" + title + "</a>";
                  }

                  slicesOfContent.forEach(function (slice) {
                    resultItem += "<a href='" + articleUrl + "'>" +
                      "<p class=\"search-result\">" + highlightKeyword(content, slice) +
                      "...</p>" + "</a>";
                  });

                  resultItem += "</li>";
                  resultItems.push({
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                    searchTextCount: searchTextCount,
                    hitCount: hitCount,
                    id: resultItems.length
                  });
                }
              })
            };
            if (keywords.length === 1 && keywords[0] === "") {
              resultContent.innerHTML = '<div id="no-result"><i class="fa fa-search fa-5x" /></div>'
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                } else {
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                }
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              var searchResultList = '<ul class=\"search-result-list\">';
              resultItems.forEach(function (result) {
                searchResultList += result.item;
              })
              searchResultList += "</ul>";
              resultContent.innerHTML = searchResultList;
            }
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          if ('auto' === 'auto') {
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          // remove loading animation
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          proceedsearch();
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      }
    });
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    });
  </script>



  

  
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